Products
Products
Products
| HS Code | 457538 |
| Product Name | Mixed C5 |
| Appearance | Colorless volatile liquid |
| Odor | Characteristic hydrocarbon/gasoline-like odor |
| Specific Gravity 20 C | 0.62 - 0.65 |
| Boiling Range | Approximately 20 - 60°C |
| Vapor Pressure 20 C | Approximately 70 - 100 kPa |
| Flash Point | Below -20°C (closed cup) |
| Autoignition Temperature | Approximately 400°C |
| Solubility In Water | Very low / immiscible |
| Main Constituents | C5 paraffins, olefins, and diolefins including pentanes, pentenes, isoprene, and cyclopentadiene |
As an accredited Mixed C5 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Mixed C5 is packed in 150 kg net weight UN-approved steel drums, with 4 drums per pallet for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Load 20′ FCL with Mixed C5 as flammable liquid: use approved drums, secure tightly, ventilate container, follow hazardous goods regulations. |
| Shipping | Mixed C5, a flammable hydrocarbon blend, must ship in properly labeled, grounded containers—typically tank trucks, railcars, or drums—under strict temperature control. Ensure compliance with dangerous goods regulations, avoid ignition sources, and provide adequate ventilation. Secure loading, spill containment, and documentation are critical for safe transport. |
| Storage | Store Mixed C5 in grounded, tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources and oxidizers. Use approved flammable-liquid storage cabinets or bunded areas. Maintain temperatures below flash point, provide pressure relief, and consider nitrogen blanketing to prevent vapor accumulation and static discharge. |
| Shelf Life | Stable for up to 12 months when stored sealed, cool, and under inert gas; protect from air, moisture, and ignition sources. |
C5 aliphatic hydrocarbon resin produced from mixed C5 by cationic polymerization after selective removal or dilution of the dicyclopentadiene fraction is compoundable into ethylene-vinyl acetate hot-melt adhesives at tackifier loadings of 35 wt% to 45 wt%. The resin specification used for adhesive conversion is a ring-and-ball softening point of 96 °C to 112 °C per ASTM E28, Gardner colour 3–6 per ASTM D6166, acid number below 1.0 mg KOH/g per ASTM D974, and a molecular weight distribution narrow enough to avoid plate-out on coating dies. A production-grade EVA hot-melt comprises 25–35 wt% EVA with melt index 200–500 g/10 min per ASTM D1238, 35–45 wt% C5 resin, 20–30 wt% Fischer–Tropsch wax, and 0.5–1.0 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant. Compounding is performed in a jacketed sigma-blade mixer or corotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1 at 150–180 °C, followed by filtration through a 200–250 µm screen pack and slot-die application. Viscosity at 180 °C is measured by ASTM D3236 and typically falls between 1,200 mPa·s and 6,500 mPa·s; loop tack on biaxially oriented polypropylene laminate is measured under ASTM D6195. For indirect food-contact packaging, the adhesive must meet FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and 21 CFR 176.170; in the EU, Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 and overall migration testing under EN 1186-1 apply. Terminal product types include corrugated case sealing, bookbinding spine glue, and nonwoven hygiene construction adhesives. A line failure mode observed when a mixed C5 lot shifts high in cyclopentadiene is an increase in gel specks and a stepwise upward Gardner colour shift, which can reduce peel adhesion on low-surface-energy film; the control measure is to limit reactive diolefin content in the C5 feed to ≤ 2 wt% before polymerization.
| Standard | Scope | Target at application |
|---|---|---|
| FDA 21 CFR 175.105 | Indirect food-contact adhesives | Pass |
| FDA 21 CFR 176.170 | Paper and paperboard components | Pass |
| ASTM E28 | Ring-and-ball softening point | 96–112 °C |
| ASTM D6166 | Gardner colour | 3–6 |
| ASTM D3236 | Brookfield viscosity at 180 °C | 1,200–6,500 mPa·s |
| ASTM D6195 | Loop tack | 1.5–4.0 N/25 mm |
In thermoplastic road marking compounds, a C5 hydrocarbon resin with a ring-and-ball softening point of 95 °C to 110 °C per ASTM E28 is incorporated at 15 wt% to 22 wt% as the primary organic binder. The complete compound typically contains 20–30 wt% premix glass beads, 40–50 wt% calcium carbonate or quartz filler, 5–10 wt% rutile titanium dioxide, and 2–3 wt% mineral oil or dioctyl phthalate plasticizer. Dry components are dispersed in a heated horizontal sigma-blade mixer at 170 °C to 200 °C until a homogeneous melt with a Brookfield viscosity of 20,000–80,000 mPa·s at 200 °C is achieved; the melt is then transferred to an extrusion or spray applicator and applied to pavement at a thickness of 2.0–3.5 mm. Compliance for European road marking materials is established under EN 1871:2000, while North American specifications reference AASHTO M249-09; retroreflectivity after glass bead drop-on is measured under ASTM E1710. Terminal products include hot-extruded longitudinal edge lines, pedestrian crossing markings, and high-traction coloured bus lane markings. A production bottleneck occurs when filler loading approaches 50 wt% because melt viscosity increases nonlinearly, causing cavitation in the transfer pump; this is remediated by reducing filler to 45 wt% or raising melt temperature to 205 °C, but the latter increases yellowing of the C5 binder under ASTM D6166.
The addition of C5 aliphatic hydrocarbon resin to natural rubber and emulsion SBR compounds at 2–8 phr raises green tack and lowers compound Mooney viscosity by up to 10 Mooney units per ISO 289-1. In a typical radial passenger tire carcass formulation, the resin is charged into a tangential internal mixer with intermeshing rotors after the carbon black masterbatch stage, at a dump temperature of 135–150 °C, then final-curative blending is completed on a two-roll mill at 60–70 °C to avoid premature sulfur crosslinking. Reference recipes for SBR-based evaluation are specified in ASTM D3191-10, and vulcanization kinetics are characterized by a moving-die rheometer per ISO 6502. Above 8 phr, the resin can reduce tensile strength by 1.0–2.5 MPa per ISO 37 and increase compression set under ASTM D395, so the operational boundary is 2–8 phr for tire carcass applications. Terminal product types include radial tire body compounds, belt skim compounds, rubber conveyor belt covers, and industrial hose tubes. A production line failure mode observed when switching from one mixed C5 resin lot to the next is a change in tack retention on calendered rubber sheet, caused by a shift in resin number-average molecular weight from 1,100 g/mol to 1,600 g/mol; in-line control is maintained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the resin unsaturation level.
Dicyclopentadiene recovered from mixed C5 by thermal dimerization at 80–100 °C followed by vacuum distillation is supplied with a purity of ≥ 92 wt% for unsaturated polyester resin modification. The resin formulation replaces 20–40 wt% of the total dibasic acid charge with DCPD-maleate adduct, reacted in a two-stage batch fusion process: first at 140–170 °C for maleation and esterification, then at 190–210 °C under a vacuum of 40–80 mbar to remove condensate. The resulting resin is dissolved in styrene to 35–40 wt% monomer content and cured with a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide/cobalt octoate system at room temperature or elevated cure. Tensile properties of cast test plaques are determined under ISO 527-2, heat deflection temperature under ISO 75-2, and chemical resistance to inorganic acids under ASTM D543. Terminal product types include filament-wound chemical storage tanks, glass-reinforced pipe, ducting for acid fumes, and marine gelcoat backing. An operational boundary is the DCPD purity threshold: residual cyclopentadiene above 1.5 wt% in the DCPD feed can cause pendant double bonds that increase styrene consumption yet reduce final resin crosslink density, so gas chromatographic monitoring of the DCPD feed is required for lot release.
Polymer-grade isoprene obtained from mixed C5 by extractive distillation with dimethylformamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is specified at ≥ 99.5 wt% purity, ≤ 5 ppm water, and 50–150 ppm 4-tert-butylcatechol inhibitor. In anionic copolymerization for styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock polymers, the feed ratio is 15–30 wt% styrene and 70–85 wt% isoprene, initiated with sec-butyllithium in cyclohexane at 60–80 °C; the reaction is terminated with a difunctional coupling agent and the product is devolatilized in a twin-screw extruder under vacuum. In the alternative neodymium-catalyzed solution polymerization route, high cis-1,4 polyisoprene is produced with ≥ 98% cis content and Mooney viscosity of 60–90 ML(1+4) 100 °C per ISO 289-1. Medical gloves and stoppers manufactured from this material are tested against ISO 10282:2014 for single-use surgical gloves and ISO 8871-1 for elastomeric closures, while polymer drying and packaging under nitrogen ensure moisture is kept below 0.3 wt%. Terminal product types include surgical gloves, pharmaceutical vial stoppers, radial truck tire tread blends, and SIS-based pressure-sensitive hot-melt adhesives. A production constraint in the anionic polymerization line is the presence of cyclopentadiene in the isoprene feed; levels above 5 ppm can quench initiator and broaden molecular weight distribution, so the purified monomer is passed through a molecular sieve and alumina guard bed before entering the polymerization reactor.
Piperylene-rich C5 raffinate with a 1,3-pentadiene content of 70–90 wt% is reacted with maleic anhydride in a Diels-Alder addition to produce methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, a liquid epoxy hardener. The addition is conducted at 90–130 °C under a nitrogen blanket in a jacketed stirred reactor, with 0.1–0.5 wt% hydroquinone-based radical inhibitor to prevent polymerization of residual conjugated dienes. The purified anhydride is blended with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin at 70–90 phr per 100 phr resin, with 0.5–2 phr of a tertiary amine accelerator such as benzyldimethylamine. The filled mixture is vacuum degassed at 1–5 kPa, cast into molds, and cured using a staged cycle of 100 °C for 2 h followed by 150 °C for 4 h. Flexural strength of the cured compound is tested under ISO 178, tensile strength under ISO 527-2, and electrical insulation properties for reactive resin compounds under IEC 60455-3-2. Terminal products include dry-type transformer castings, switchgear bushings, high-voltage potting compounds, and filament-wound composite insulators. The operational boundary is cyclopentadiene in the piperylene stream: above 1 wt% it forms nadic anhydride adducts that raise hardener viscosity above 1,500 mPa·s at 25 °C and can reduce cured glass transition temperature by several kelvin; gas chromatographic monitoring of the maleic anhydride adduct profile is therefore used for lot release.
Competitive Mixed C5 prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please contact us at +8615365186327 or mail to sales3@ascent-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8615365186327
Email: sales3@ascent-chem.com
Flexible payment, competitive price, premium service - Inquire now!
Mixed C5 is a low-boiling unsaturated hydrocarbon stream recovered as the C5 fraction of pyrolysis gasoline from liquid-feed steam crackers. It contains C5 paraffins, C5 monoolefins, isoprene, piperylene, monomeric cyclopentadiene, and variable dicyclopentadiene depending on storage and thermal history. Commercial product models include raw cracked C5, desulfurized cracked C5, hydrotreated C5 raffinate, DCPD-rich C5, piperylene concentrate, and isoprene concentrate. Each model is specified by total diene value, distillation range, total sulfur, vapour pressure, and detailed C5 hydrocarbon distribution. The stream is distinguished from Mixed C4 by its higher atmospheric boiling range and from C9+ resin oil by its high diolefin content, low viscosity, and lower aromaticity. Detailed hydrocarbon analysis is commonly performed by ASTM D5443; sulfur is measured by ASTM D5453, and density by ASTM D4052. Because raw cracked C5 is not a single pure molecule but a UVCB stream, batch-to-batch composition variation is a normal processing condition rather than a quality defect.
Product models differ by downstream function. Raw cracked C5 is sold as a feed for extraction or as a refinery blendstock with limited specifications. Piperylene concentrate is sold with minimum piperylene content and controlled isoprene, because residual isoprene competes in resin polymerisation. DCPD-rich C5 is sold with a minimum dicyclopentadiene concentration, while hydrotreated C5 raffinate is sold as a low-diene high-RVP gasoline component. The term Mixed C5 therefore does not refer to a single chemical, but to a family of C5 streams whose required model specification follows the downstream unit’s sensitivity to sulfur, diene value, and specific isomers.
The distribution of isoprene, piperylene, and cyclopentadiene in Mixed C5 is controlled primarily by cracker feedstock, steam dilution ratio, coil outlet temperature, and residence time. Liquid naphtha steam crackers operating at coil outlet temperatures between 800°C and 870°C produce a cracked C5 stream in which total diolefins may range from 30 wt% to 55 wt% depending on severity. Higher severity operation increases isoprene and cyclopentadiene yields at the expense of C5 paraffins and internal olefins, but it also raises benzene and other aromatic carryover into the C5 heartcut. Downstream extraction yield therefore depends on front-end depropanizer and debutanizer fractionation, because poor C4 removal leaves butenes and butadiene that interfere with isoprene purification. Feedstock sulfur partly follows the C5 cut; raw cracked C5 may require caustic washing and mild selective hydrogenation to reduce total sulfur below 10 mg/kg before sale or extraction. The exact yield pattern for a given commercial cracker is proprietary in many cases, and published data for specific licensor configurations is limited.
Raw cracked C5 is unstable in storage because monomeric cyclopentadiene undergoes thermal Diels–Alder dimerisation to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerisation half-life in dilute mixed C5 at 30°C is commonly on the order of 10–20 h; at 80°C the reaction is rapid and is used industrially to deliberately convert cyclopentadiene to DCPD before extractive separation. Bulk storage of unstabilised raw C5 above 25°C therefore creates a dual hazard: exothermic dimerisation can raise tank temperature, and the accumulating DCPD raises final boiling point and viscosity. Atmospheric storage tanks are equipped with refrigerated cooling coils, nitrogen or fuel-gas blanketing, pressure/vacuum relief, and internal floating roofs where local permits require. Liquid-phase polymerisation inhibitors such as 10–50 mg/kg p-tert-butylcatechol or 10–100 mg/kg tert-butylpyrocatechol extend induction time but do not eliminate the need for temperature control. Oxygen ingress into the vapour space accelerates diolefin polymerisation and peroxide formation; oxygen concentration is maintained below 0.5 vol% where extended storage is required. Free water must be drained from storage tanks before filling to avoid hydrolysis of any residual solvent impurities and to reduce corrosion under deposit. Carbon steel is the standard material of construction, but copper and copper alloys are prohibited because dissolved copper ions catalyse polymerisation and DCPD condensation. The operational boundary is therefore defined by residence time, diene content, and temperature rather than by absolute shelf life.
DCPD-rich C5 from the dimerizer bottoms may be sold as a separate model or further distilled to high-purity DCPD. High-purity DCPD is a crystalline solid with a melting point near 32–34°C; transfer lines must be heat traced above 35–40°C to prevent solidification. DCPD exposed to oxygen and heated above 170°C can undergo retro-Diels–Alder cleavage to regenerate cyclopentadiene, which is a processing safety consideration during hot distillation and reactor maintenance.
After controlled thermal dimerisation, the DCPD-rich fraction is removed as a heavy stream, and the remaining C5 overheads are routed to extractive distillation. Polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or acetonitrile alter relative volatility between isoprene and the close-boiling isoamylene fraction. In a typical extractive distillation train, solvent is fed at the top of the extractive column while preheated mixed C5 enters at the middle; raffinate leaves from the top, and the isoprene-solvent mixture leaves from the bottom for solvent recovery and final purification. The number of theoretical stages required is substantial because the separation between isoprene and 2-methyl-2-butene is close; some commercial configurations are reported to use 250–350 theoretical stages across the extractive and stripping sections, though published data for specific licensor equipment is limited. The raffinate C5 after extraction contains mainly C5 paraffins and monoolefins and is sold as a low-diene gasoline blendstock or steam-cracker feed. The solvent loop must be maintained under dry conditions to prevent solvent hydrolysis and acid-induced corrosion in the solvent recovery reboiler.
Polymer-grade isoprene produced from Mixed C5 is specified by maximum levels of cyclopentadiene, piperylene, and sulfur because these species alter anionic polymerisation catalyst activity and cis-1,4 stereospecificity in polyisoprene. A common polymer-grade isoprene specification is 99.5 wt% minimum isoprene, combined C5 paraffins and monoolefins below 0.5 wt%, cyclopentadiene below 10 mg/kg, and total sulfur below 5 mg/kg. Piperylene concentrate, traded as a resin monomer, commonly contains 65–75 wt% total piperylene, 10–20 wt% other C5 olefins, and below 2 wt% isoprene. These analyses are performed by ASTM D5443, with total sulfur by ASTM D5453. The separation economics are sensitive to the presence of cyclopentadiene, which poisons some extractive solvents and forms unwanted DCPD oligomers in downstream equipment; therefore thermal dimerisation must be completed before extractive distillation.
| Property | Cracked mixed C5 | Raffinate C5 after extraction | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density at 15°C | 0.65–0.75 g/cm³ | 0.64–0.70 g/cm³ | ASTM D4052 |
| Initial boiling point / final boiling point | 27–45°C, DCPD-free; up to 170°C with DCPD | 27–40°C | ASTM D86 |
| Total diene value | 25–55 g I2/100 g | <5 g I2/100 g | UOP 326 |
| Isoprene | 15–25 wt% | 0.1–1.0 wt% | ASTM D5443 |
| Piperylene | 10–18 wt% | 0.2–2.0 wt% | ASTM D5443 |
| Cyclopentadiene plus dicyclopentadiene | 8–20 wt% | 0.5–3 wt% | ASTM D5443 |
| Sulfur | 1–10 mg/kg after treating | 1–5 mg/kg | ASTM D5453 |
| Reid vapour pressure at 37.8°C | 65–105 kPa | 70–110 kPa | ASTM D5191 |
Direct blending of raw cracked Mixed C5 into motor gasoline is constrained by Reid vapour pressure, total sulfur, and gum formation. The stream’s Reid vapour pressure at 37.8°C is typically 65–105 kPa, which is high relative to finished winter and summer gasoline volatility classes under EN 228 and ASTM D4814. Refiners may route hydrotreated C5 raffinate to the gasoline pool because saturation of diolefins reduces oxidative gum formation and permits higher olefin retention for octane. The remaining isoamylene fraction can be reacted with methanol to produce tert-amyl methyl ether, but this process requires a sulfonated acid catalyst, careful temperature control to avoid oligomerisation, and methanol recovery. Where total sulfur limits are below 10 mg/kg, raw cracked C5 must be caustic-washed or hydrotreated before blending; otherwise the sulfur contribution from a high-volume C5 stream will constrain the overall refinery pool. Gum formation from unstabilised diolefins can deposit on fuel injector tips and intake valves, and the storage of untreated cracked C5 in shared gasoline tanks is not recommended. These constraints make the extraction route more common than direct blending for high-diene raw C5.
Hydrocarbon resin producers use Mixed C5-derived piperylene concentrate and DCPD as polymerisable diolefins for aliphatic C5 resins, which differ from aromatic C9 resins in colour, molecular weight distribution, polarity, and compatibility with olefinic block copolymers. In a continuous polymerisation reactor, piperylene concentrate is fed with a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium chloride or boron trifluoride at controlled temperature; the exotherm is removed by external jacket cooling and staged monomer feed. The resulting C5 resin is stripped of unreacted olefins and solvent, and softening point is measured by ring-and-ball method ASTM E28. Tackifier grades are often produced with softening points in the range 90–120°C and Gardner colour below 1 after catalytic hydrogenation. C9+ resin oil, by contrast, yields aromatic resins with higher softening point for a given molecular weight and stronger adhesion to polar substrates, but poorer UV stability and colour retention in non-hydrogenated form. Mixed C5-derived feedstocks therefore cannot be used as a direct drop-in for C9+ feedstocks without reformulating the resin grade and adjusting tackifier compatibility in ethylene-vinyl acetate and styrenic block copolymer systems.
| Parameter | Mixed C4 | Mixed C5 | C9+ resin oil |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon range | C4 hydrocarbons | C5 hydrocarbons | C9–C12 aromatics and cycloparaffins |
| Approximate boiling range | −12°C to +5°C | 27–45°C, DCPD-free; up to 170°C with DCPD | 140–220°C |
| Reactive species | Butadiene, isobutylene | Isoprene, piperylene, cyclopentadiene, isoamylenes | Vinyltoluenes, dicyclopentadiene, indene |
| Typical diolefin or unsaturated content | Butadiene 35–50 wt% | Total diolefins 30–55 wt% | Unsaturated aromatics 40–70 wt% |
| Primary upgrade routes | Butadiene extraction, MTBE/ETBE, alkylate | Isoprene extraction, DCPD recovery, piperylene resin | Aromatic C9 resin, solvent naphtha |
| Storage sensitivity | High: butadiene dimer/polymer, high vapour pressure | High: CPD dimerisation, diolefin gum | Moderate: colour formation, peroxide |
| Resin type | Not directly polymerised to hydrocarbon resin | Aliphatic C5 hydrocarbon resin, hydrogenated tackifier | Aromatic C9 hydrocarbon resin |
Transport of Mixed C5 is typically assigned to UN 1265 or UN 3295 as a Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group II, depending on the exact composition and closed-cup flash point. Rail tank cars and road tankers require pressure relief, vapour return, and electrical bonding because the stream is a low-conductivity hydrocarbon. Under EU REACH, raw cracked C5 is a UVCB substance of variable composition; hazard communication must reflect the specific hazardous constituents, including isoprene and any benzene carried with the cut. Unstabilised cracked C5 can form visible gum within 48–96 h at elevated ambient storage depending on diene content, oxygen ingress, and inhibitor type; therefore long-term storage without stabiliser is outside recommended practice. The product is handled in closed systems, with nitrogen purging before maintenance and spark-resistant tooling in classified areas. Materials of construction are carbon steel with stress relief; stainless steel is used in extractive distillation units where solvent degradation acids may form. Copper and copper alloys are not used in service because dissolved copper ions accelerate free-radical polymerisation of diolefins.
