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| HS Code | 291663 |
| Chemical Formula | CH3COO(CH2)3CH3 |
| Molecular Weight | 116.16 g/mol |
| Cas Number | 123-86-4 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Fruity, banana-like |
| Density | 0.882 g/cm³ at 20°C |
| Boiling Point | 126°C |
| Melting Point | -78°C |
| Flash Point | 22°C (closed cup) |
| Solubility In Water | 7.7 g/L at 20°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.394 at 20°C |
| Vapor Pressure | 11.5 mmHg at 25°C |
| Viscosity | 0.685 mPa·s at 25°C |
| Autoignition Temperature | 370°C |
As an accredited Butyl Acetate factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in 200-litre steel drums with secure seals, proper hazard labels, and ventilation for safe handling and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: load 80 x 200L drums or flexitanks, secure pallets, block/bracing, comply with dangerous goods regulations. |
| Shipping | Butyl Acetate is a flammable liquid, shipped under UN 1123, Hazard Class 3, requiring proper hazardous materials labeling and documentation. It should be transported in approved, grounded containers, away from ignition sources and oxidizers, with adequate ventilation. Ensure compliance with international transport regulations for safe handling and delivery. |
| Storage | Store butyl acetate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, flames, sparks, and strong oxidizers. Keep containers tightly closed and upright, preferably in a flammable-liquid storage cabinet. Ensure proper grounding and bonding when dispensing. Avoid contact with incompatible materials and inspect containers regularly for leaks or damage. |
| Shelf Life | Stable for 24 months when stored sealed, cool, dry, and away from ignition sources and moisture. |
In industrial nitrocellulose wood coating production, n-butyl acetate is metered into the solvent blend after the alcohol-wet 1/2-second RS nitrocotton is pre-dispersed, because its Hansen solubility parameters place it within the active-solvent window while aromatic hydrocarbon diluents are added. The ready-to-spray lacquer typically carries 10–25% w/w n-butyl acetate, with the upper end reserved for high-gloss topcoats that must remain open for reflow at 40–60 °C in flat-line ovens; below 8% w/w orange peel and dry spray increase on high-speed automated reciprocating spray machines. Compliance for VOC determination follows ASTM D2369 and EPA Method 24, while European formulations are classified in the wood coating subcategories of Directive 2004/42/EC Annex II. Solvent flash point is 22 °C closed cup, with a boiling range of 126–127 °C at 101.3 kPa and relative evaporation rate of 1.0 referenced to n-BuAc. Production application uses air-assisted airless pumps fitted with 0.28–0.38 mm tungsten carbide spray tips and fluid pressures of 60–100 bar; panels then pass through 5–8 m flash-off tunnels at 40–60 °C before UV-cured sealer or polyurethane topcoat is applied. Terminal output includes kitchen cabinet doors, solid wood chairs, engineered wood office furniture, and edge-banded MDF components for contract furniture.
Automotive refinish basecoat preparation on a collision repair line uses n-butyl acetate as a mid-evaporation let-down solvent at 5–15% w/w of the ready-to-spray formulation; the higher endpoint is selected in high-gloss metallic and pearl systems where a solvent imbalance would leave dry-spray edges at the start of a 50–70 cm spray pass. ASTM D2369 determines VOC content, while Directive 2004/42/EC Annex II subcategory B limits volatile organic compound emissions in automotive refinish products; the solvent is registered under REACH and subject to downstream exposure scenarios. In the booth, hand-held HVLP guns with 1.2–1.3 mm fluid tips and 0.7–1.0 bar air cap pressure are used for edge blending, while robotic electrostatic high-rotation bells are set at 40–70 kV for panel work; after flash-off at 23 °C for 15–25 min, clearcoat is applied and forced air drying is set at 60 °C for 20–30 min. The terminal products are passenger car bumper cover repaint, side panel repair, commercial vehicle body respray, and two-tone roof refinishing. Published data for exact OEM basecoat thinner ratios is limited because refinish distributors adjust solvent blends by season and substrate temperature.
In solvent-based flexible packaging inks, n-butyl acetate is added at 5–20% w/w to press-ready flexographic inks or at 10–30 vol% in the press-side make-up solvent, with viscosity held at 22–30 s on a DIN 4 cup at 25 °C to stabilise anilox transfer. The printing process runs on central-impression flexographic presses equipped with 360–800 LPI anilox rollers, chambered doctor blades, and web speeds of 80–250 m/min; after each colour deck, dryers operate at 60–90 °C with air velocities of 25–40 m/s, and retained solvent in the printed film is measured by ASTM F1884. Compliance for food-contact packaging requires demonstration under Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 Article 3, and ink compounding is guided by EuPIA Good Manufacturing Practice and, for the Swiss market, RS 817.023.21 Annex 6. Formulation limits are set to avoid migration of residual n-butyl acetate into packaged food above the detection threshold, and press-side operators titrate make-up solvent by differential viscosity rather than fixed time. Terminal products include heat-sealed snack pouches, confectionery flow-wrap, lidding films for dairy cups, and high-barrier laminate structures for dry foods.
Polychloroprene contact adhesives for automotive interior lamination are compounded with n-butyl acetate at 10–25% by weight of the wet adhesive, where it moderates the high evaporation of acetone and methyl ethyl ketone and keeps dry-bond open time within 20–45 min at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity. The production sequence runs chloroprene rubber and magnesium oxide through a two-roll mill, then high-shear dispersion in 500–2,000 L butterfly mixers with cooling jackets; after viscosity adjustment, the adhesive is applied by airless spray or roll coater to flame-laminated polyurethane foam and wood/polyolefin substrates, followed by drying in continuous tunnels of 15–25 m at 55–70 °C and nip bonding at 0.2–0.4 MPa. Peel strength after 72 h conditioning is tested according to ASTM D903, and interior assembly emissions are screened by VDA 278; raising n-butyl acetate above 30 wt% causes solvent entrapment and delayed blistering in closed-cell polyethylene foam, and handling must account for the 22 °C closed-cup flash point. Terminal articles are door panel armrests, instrument panel toppers, headliner edge wraps, and seat back map pockets.
N-butyl acetate functions as a primary solvent in pigmented nail enamel at 20–35% w/w and in acetone-free nail polish removers at 30–50% w/w, often in blends with ethyl acetate and propylene carbonate; the ratio is adjusted to prevent cellulose nitrate precipitation during pigment letdown and to keep 60° gloss within the batch release specification. The formulation is prepared in vacuum-equipped high-speed dispersers under explosion-proof electrical classification, then filled on 15–60 mL glass bottle lines with nitrogen blanketing. Compliance references Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 for cosmetic products and the CIR Expert Panel safety evaluation for butyl acetate; no Annex II prohibition applies at the cited concentrations. Application performance is checked by drawdown at 75 µm wet film and evaporation at 25 °C with 0.3 m/s airflow; dry-to-touch time is recorded under ASTM D1640 and gloss under ASTM D523. Terminal products are nitrocellulose-based nail lacquers, clear top coats, base coats, and quick-dry polish removers for salon and retail distribution.
Purification of fermentation-derived penicillin G uses n-butyl acetate as an immiscible organic phase in countercurrent centrifugal extractors; the solvent is pre-equilibrated with aqueous acid and contacted with filtered broth at a phase ratio commonly cited in the range of 0.4–0.6:1 v/v, although published data for specific plant configurations is limited. The extraction train transfers the product into the acetate phase at pH 2.0–2.5, then back-extracts into phosphate buffer at pH 6.5–7.5; spent solvent is recovered through fractional distillation and re-used after quality checks for peroxide and acid carryover. Residual solvent control follows ICH Q3C, where n-butyl acetate is Class 3 with a permitted daily exposure of 50 mg/day, and pharmacopoeial limits are tested under USP <467> and Ph. Eur. 2.4.24. Downstream production equipment includes Podbielniak centrifugal extractors and Alfa Laval disc-stack separators; cleaning validation must address ester hydrolysis at high pH and prevent phase inversion during scale-up. Terminal products are bulk penicillin G potassium, 6-aminopenicillanic acid precursors, and selected β-lactam intermediates for sterile injectable manufacturing.
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n-Butyl acetate, CAS 123-86-4, EC registry number 204-658-1, is the acetic acid ester of n-butanol with molecular formula C6H12O2 and molar mass 116.16 g/mol. The substance is manufactured by esterification of n-butanol with acetic acid over an acid catalyst, followed by distillation, aqueous separation, and drying. Commercial supply is commonly differentiated into three product models—urethane grade, high-purity grade, and general-purpose grade—referenced to ASTM D4615 and corresponding supplier certificates of analysis. Urethane-grade material is specified for two-component polyurethane clearcoats because water and acidity are held to tight limits; high-purity grade is used in gravure inks and architectural lacquers; general-purpose grade serves cleaning formulations and chemical synthesis, where trace water has lower consequence.
Published physical property data list a boiling point of 126.1 °C at 101.3 kPa, density 0.8825 g/cm³ at 20 °C, closed-cup flash point 22 °C, vapor pressure 1.0 kPa at 20 °C, lower explosion limit 1.7 vol %, upper explosion limit 7.6 vol %, and autoignition temperature 425 °C. The vapor is heavier than air, with vapor density approximately 4.0 relative to air. Shipping classification is class 3, packing group II, UN 1123. In solvent volatility ranking, n-butyl acetate occupies the medium-evaporation oxygenated band between methyl acetate and xylene; its Hansen solubility parameters are δD = 15.8, δP = 3.7, and δH = 6.3 MPa0.5.
Under U.S. Clean Air Act listings, n-butyl acetate is not a hazardous air pollutant; it remains a photochemically reactive VOC and is controlled in coating and ink operations by capture and oxidation equipment sized for solvent loading. Food-contact use may be permitted in adhesives and coatings complying with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and FDA 21 CFR 175.300 when the finished article meets extraction limits; end-use compliance must be established on the final package or film.
Bulk production uses continuous esterification with azeotropic water removal. Control of column differential pressure and reflux ratio determines residual n-butanol and acidity. In production-scale continuous distillation, the principal failure mode is carryover of n-butanol when column pressure drop increases; this raises hydroxyl contribution and shifts the odor profile of otherwise in-specification material. Purchasers therefore monitor distillation range by ASTM D1078 and acidity by ASTM D1613 on each batch.
The solvent is an active solvator for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, and high-solids acrylic polyols. Its Kauri-butanol value, measured by ASTM D1133, is approximately 100, which is comparable to toluene but without aromatic hydrocarbon classification. In a 1/2-second RS nitrocellulose wood lacquer, n-butyl acetate is typically added at 15–35 wt % of the solvent blend. At this loading, low-shear viscosity reduction supports dilution with toluene or xylene without phase separation. A high-speed rotary bell atomizer operating at 20,000–40,000 rpm and shaping air at 0.15–0.25 MPa produces acceptable atomization at 25–35 µm dry film thickness because the solvent evaporates slowly enough to allow droplet coalescence and fast enough to limit sagging.
In two-component polyurethane clearcoats applied in automotive refinish booths at 0.20–0.25 MPa atomizing air, urethane-grade n-butyl acetate is specified because water reacts with aliphatic polyisocyanate hardeners to generate carbon dioxide. At dry film thicknesses above 50 µm, water levels above 0.05 mass % can produce micro-bubbling that persists through cure; gloss change is assessed by ASTM D523, and distinctness-of-image is assessed by ASTM D5767. Residual acidity above 0.005 mass % as acetic acid can shorten pot life by interacting with organotin catalysts, and batch-to-batch acidity is controlled before solvent addition to the paint kitchen.
Ethyl acetate (CAS 141-78-6) has a boiling point of 77.1 °C, a closed-cup flash point of -4 °C, a relative evaporation rate of 4.2 on the n-butyl acetate scale, and water solubility of 8.3 g/100 mL at 20 °C. n-Butyl acetate reduces relative evaporation rate to 1.0, raises boiling point to 126.1 °C, and lowers water solubility to 0.68 g/100 mL at 20 °C. Replacing ethyl acetate on an equal-mass basis lengthens wet-film open time and improves leveling in air-assisted airless applications. Sagging control must be re-established by raising application solids or reducing film thickness because the wet film remains mobile longer at equal spray viscosity.
| Solvent | CAS | Boiling point (°C) | Closed-cup flash point (°C) | Relative evaporation rate | Density at 20 °C (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n-Butyl acetate | 123-86-4 | 126.1 | 22 | 1.0 | 0.8825 |
| Ethyl acetate | 141-78-6 | 77.1 | -4 | 4.2 | 0.902 |
| Isobutyl acetate | 110-19-0 | 118 | 18 | 1.4 | 0.871 |
| sec-Butyl acetate | 105-46-4 | 112 | 16 | 1.8 | 0.866 |
| Methyl acetate | 79-20-9 | 56.9 | -10 | 6.0 | 0.932 |
The branched acetate isomers do not behave identically. Isobutyl acetate (CAS 110-19-0) boils at 118 °C and has a relative evaporation rate of 1.4; sec-butyl acetate (CAS 105-46-4) boils at 112 °C and has a relative evaporation rate of 1.8. These isomers are used where faster tack-free time is required in low-solids lacquers, but they reduce open time in high-humidity spray operations. Methyl acetate (CAS 79-20-9) is significantly faster and more water-soluble; it is not a direct replacement where moisture-sensitive isocyanate chemistry is used.
The technical boundary between urethane-grade and general-purpose n-butyl acetate is set by the properties that affect isocyanate reactivity and final film clarity. In a two-component polyurethane system, water above 0.05 mass % consumes isocyanate groups and releases carbon dioxide; the resulting micro-bubbling is most severe at dry film thicknesses above 50 µm. Acidity above 0.005 mass % as acetic acid can shorten pot life by interacting with organotin catalysts. Distillation range is controlled by ASTM D1078; a narrow range of 124–128 °C limits residual n-butanol and acetic acid. Residual n-butanol above 0.10 mass % can contribute to slower cure in acid-catalyzed melamine systems and to odor in low-odor architectural coatings.
| Property | Test method | Typical urethane-grade limit |
|---|---|---|
| Assay | Capillary GC assay aligned to ASTM D4615 | 99.5 mass % min |
| Color | ASTM D1209 | 10 Pt-Co max |
| Water | ASTM D1364 | 0.05 mass % max |
| Acidity | ASTM D1613 | 0.005 mass % max as acetic acid |
| Distillation range | ASTM D1078 | 124–128 °C |
| Nonvolatile matter | ASTM D1353 | 0.005 g/100 mL max |
| Specific gravity | ASTM D4052 | 0.880–0.885 at 20 °C |
On reverse-roll coaters applying pigmented acrylic coil coatings at line speeds of 20–40 m/min, n-butyl acetate is commonly blended with aromatic hydrocarbon 100 and glycol ether acetates to control viscosity at application shear rates of 10,000–20,000 s⁻¹. The low water content prevents pigment flooding and supports consistent gloss measured by ASTM D523. In solvent-borne flexographic and gravure lamination inks running at 150–250 m/min, n-butyl acetate is used at 30–50 wt % of the solvent system. Residual solvent in printed film is measured by headspace gas chromatography using ASTM F1884 or ISO 11890-1; dryer temperatures are commonly maintained between 60 °C and 80 °C, with the lower end selected when n-butyl acetate is blended with slower glycol ether acetates.
In solvent-borne polychloroprene contact adhesives, n-butyl acetate is used at 20–40 wt % of the solvent blend to extend open time. The open-time window is measurable by peel resistance under ASTM D903 or ASTM D1876; replacing n-butyl acetate with ethyl acetate shortens the window because evaporation rate increases from 1.0 to 4.2. Simple industrial cleaning formulations use general-purpose material at 5–20 wt % in blends with aliphatic hydrocarbons and nonionic surfactants; no further processing is required beyond mixing.
Compared with methyl isobutyl ketone (CAS 108-10-1), n-butyl acetate has similar boiling behavior but does not introduce a ketone carbonyl that can participate in amine-cured epoxy side reactions. In epoxy-phenolic can coatings, n-butyl acetate can reduce viscosity at equal solids because its Hansen dispersion and polar contributions differ from those of xylene; however, the formulator must confirm storage stability because ester solvents can hydrolyze slowly in acid-catalyzed phenolic systems with pH below 5.
Operational boundaries include storage below 40 °C away from strong oxidizing agents and strong aqueous acids or bases. Hydrolysis to n-butanol and acetic acid is accelerated by heat and catalytic acid/base conditions; published kinetic data for this specific configuration is limited. Bulk handling equipment should be electrically grounded and bonded, and dryer vapor concentration should be maintained below 25 % LEL in accordance with NFPA 86.
