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| HS Code | 766893 |
| Chemical Name | Polybutylene succinate |
| Density | 1.26 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 114-118 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | -32 °C |
| Tensile Strength | 34-45 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 200-600% |
| Biodegradability | Biodegradable under suitable soil/compost conditions |
| Water Absorption | 0.1-0.2% |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | ~70 °C at 0.45 MPa |
| Processing Temperature Range | 160-200 °C |
| Chemical Resistance | Resistant to dilute acids and alkalis; soluble in chloroform |
| Mold Shrinkage | 1.8-2.0% |
As an accredited PBS Resin factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | PBS resin supplied in 25 kg heat-sealed kraft bags with inner PE liner, protecting against moisture. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | PBS Resin packed in 25kg bags, palletized and loaded into a 20ft FCL container, secured properly for safe transport. |
| Shipping | PBS Resin ships as non-hazardous pellets in moisture-proof lined bags, jumbo bags, or drums. Store in dry conditions to prevent hydrolysis. Avoid high heat and direct sunlight. Standard dry container or truck transport suffices. No special classification required, though palletized cargo must be secured against shifting during transit. |
| Storage | Store PBS Resin in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, moisture, and heat sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent water absorption and contamination. Avoid exposure to open flames or oxidizers. Use within recommended shelf life; handle with clean, dry equipment to preserve polymer quality. |
| Shelf Life | PBS Resin has a typical shelf life of 12 months when stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture and direct sunlight. |
Blown film extrusion of PBS resin is a hydrolytically sensitive process, and residual moisture is the primary variable controlling melt strength at the die lip. The resin is dried in a desiccant hopper at 80 °C for 4–6 h until residual moisture is below 0.05 wt% as determined by ISO 15512:2019 or ASTM D6869-17. If moisture remains above 0.08 wt%, hydrolytic chain scission during plastication reduces elongational viscosity, producing bubble sag, uneven thickness bands, and gel formation at the screen pack. Extrusion is performed on a grooved-barrel single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 28:1–32:1 and a barrier screw fitted with a Maddock mixing section. Barrel temperatures from feed to die are typically 140 °C / 160 °C / 175 °C / 175 °C / 180 °C, and die temperature is held at 160–180 °C. PBS has lower melt strength than LDPE, so the blow-up ratio is restricted to 2.0:1–2.8:1; ratios above 3.0:1 destabilise the bubble and induce draw resonance. Frost line height is maintained at 3–5 die diameters to allow shear-induced orientation and crystallisation before collapse. Die gap is set at 0.8–1.5 mm, and dual-lip air rings operate with chilled air at 10–15 °C. Film thickness ranges from 20 µm to 60 µm for compostable packaging. Tensile properties measured according to ISO 527-3:2018 range from 30 MPa to 40 MPa tensile strength at break and 200%–400% elongation at break in the machine direction, depending on grade and blow-up ratio. Dart impact resistance measured according to ASTM D1709-16a is lower than that of LDPE and represents a known operational boundary for heavy-duty packaging. Oxygen transmission measured by ASTM D3985-17 and water vapour transmission measured by ASTM F1249-20 place PBS films between LDPE and PLA in barrier performance. Industrial compostability must be verified to EN 13432:2000 or ASTM D6400-23; certification is formulation-specific, and slip agents, antiblock packages, or chain extenders can alter the 12-week disintegration window under controlled composting at 58 °C.
In soil-contact agricultural mulch, PBS is processed on cast film lines at thicknesses from 12 µm to 25 µm. The melt point of 112–115 °C allows extrusion at 150–180 °C, which is lower than the processing temperature required for LLDPE and permits incorporation of temperature-sensitive soil nutrients or microbial inoculants. Pure PBS film in temperate soil can take longer than 24 months for complete mineralisation; published data for this specific configuration is limited compared with PBAT or PHA systems. Commercial mulch-grade PBS is therefore blended with polybutylene adipate terephthalate at 20–50 wt% or with polyhydroxyalkanoate to meet the soil disintegration and ecotoxicity requirements of EN 17033:2018. Aerobic biodegradation under controlled composting is measured by ASTM D5338-15 or ISO 14855-1:2012, while soil burial degradation is evaluated by ISO 17556:2019. Initial tensile strength of PBS mulch film is 25–40 MPa according to ISO 527-3:2018, but mechanical integrity declines as soil microorganisms cleave ester linkages. Tear resistance measured by ISO 6383-2:2004 is adequate for tractor-laying equipment but lower than that of conventional LLDPE mulch, requiring higher gauge in rocky or high-wind fields. UV stabilisation is required for summer installation because PBS undergoes photo-oxidative chain scission; carbon black at 2–4 wt% is common but can retard soil biodegradation. Mineral fillers above 1 wt% may violate the ecotoxicity clauses of EN 17033:2018 and should be avoided unless independently verified.
| Qualification area | Standard designation | Parameter measured | PBS-specific verification context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial compostability of packaging film | EN 13432:2000 | Disintegration, ultimate biodegradation, ecotoxicity | Grade-specific; certification is required for each final film formulation and thickness range |
| Soil-contact mulch film | EN 17033:2018 | Soil biodegradation, agronomic function, ecotoxicity | Pure PBS often does not meet temperate soil windows without PBAT or PHA blending |
| Rigid cutlery flexural properties | ISO 178:2019 | Flexural modulus | Nucleated PBS grades are used because neat PBS modulus is lower than PS or filled PP |
| Blown film tensile properties | ISO 527-3:2018 | Tensile strength at break | Tested after conditioning at 23 °C and 50% RH for 40 h |
| Paper lamination food contact | EU Regulation (EC) No 10/2011 | Migration of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol | Final structure tested with food simulants D1 and D2 at intended coating weight |
PBS injection moulding of forks, spoons, and rigid containers uses grades with melt mass-flow rate of 10–30 g/10 min measured under 2.16 kg at 190 °C according to ISO 1133-1:2022. The slow crystallisation rate of PBS creates two opposing process constraints. Mould temperatures below 60 °C produce short shots, sink marks, and internal voids, while mould temperatures above 90 °C extend cycle time beyond 45 s and increase demoulding defects due to shrinkage. Nucleation with talc at 2–5 wt% reduces crystallisation half-time and allows mould temperatures of 70–90 °C. Talc loading above 10 wt% reduces Izod impact measured by ISO 180:2019 and increases edge brittleness in thin-walled cutlery, particularly at sprues and weld lines. Barrel temperatures are set at 160–200 °C, and hot runner manifold temperatures are held at 180–200 °C to avoid premature solidification in multi-cavity tools. Injection pressure is typically 80–120 MPa, with holding pressure at 50%–70% of peak injection pressure. Clamp force requirements follow standard thin-wall cavity pressure of 350–500 bar; for a 16-cavity fork mould, the required tonnage is calculated from projected area and cavity pressure. In-mould annealing at 80 °C for 15–30 s is applied on some moulds to shift heat distortion temperature upward; the magnitude is grade-dependent and must be verified by ASTM D648-18 at 0.45 MPa. The finished cutlery becomes brittle at freezer temperatures below -10 °C, which is a documented operational boundary for cold-chain food service.
Supercritical CO₂ extrusion foaming of PBS for clamshell trays and protective inserts is not feasible on unmodified grades because low elongational viscosity at die exit leads to cell coalescence and density collapse. Addition of an epoxy-functional chain extender at 0.3–1.0 wt% introduces branching and increases melt strength. Gas injection pressure is maintained at 10–20 MPa, and die temperature is held at 150–160 °C. Foam densities from 0.3 g/cm³ to 0.8 g/cm³ are measured by ASTM D1622-20. Cell diameters in PBS/CO₂ systems are commonly observed at 50–200 µm by scanning electron microscopy. The processing window is narrow; a die temperature fluctuation of 2–5 °C can increase melt viscosity sufficiently to cause pre-foaming or pressure spiking before the die. Talc nucleation at 1–3 wt% stabilises cell wall formation, but excess talc above 5 wt% increases open-cell content and reduces compressive strength. Residual moisture must remain below 0.05% because hydrolysis during foam extrusion generates voids and irregular skin surfaces. Densities below 0.2 g/cm³ are not reliably attainable on standard tandem foam lines without additional crosslinking; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and pilot trials are required before scale-up.
PBS is extrusion coated onto kraft paper for compostable pouches, label release liners, and dry food sachets. Unlike LDPE, PBS contains polar ester groups that bond directly to cellulose without a polyethyleneimine primer, provided corona treatment raises the paper surface wetting tension above 38 mN/m as measured by ISO 8296:2016. Extrusion coating uses a slot die, melt temperature of 180–200 °C, chill roll temperature of 15–25 °C, and coating weights from 15 g/m² to 30 g/m². Adhesion is evaluated by 90° peel testing at 300 mm/min. Lower chill roll temperatures increase adhesion but also increase curl and winder tension variability. Line speeds above 120 m/min are limited by draw resonance unless melt strength is modified with a chain extender. The coated paper exhibits sufficient water resistance for dry food contact but not for boiled-liquid contact; PBS is not a high-barrier polymer and should not be specified where oxygen transmission below 10 cm³/m²·day·atm is required. Oxygen transmission through a 20 g/m² coating is measured using ASTM D3985-17, and water vapour transmission using ASTM F1249-20. Food contact status is not automatic: the specific PBS grade and final structure must be tested under EU Regulation (EC) No 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for paper components, with analytical verification of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol migration below applicable specific migration limits.
Melt spinning of PBS into staple fibre for wet-laid nonwovens has been demonstrated on pilot-scale single-screw extruders with L/D ratios of 28:1–32:1 and spinneret temperatures of 180–210 °C. Quench air at 15–25 °C and 0.2–0.5 m/s is used to solidify filament bundles. Because PBS crystallises slowly, drawing is performed at 25–60 °C at draw ratios of 3:1–5:1; higher draw ratios cause fibrillation and filament breakage on godet rollers. Fibre linear density ranges from 1 dtex to 10 dtex. Tensile strength of drawn PBS fibre measured by ISO 2062:2009 is lower than that of PET fibre but sufficient for compostable tea bags and agricultural nets. Nonwoven fabric tensile and tear are evaluated according to ISO 9073-3:2023 and ISO 9073-4:2007. Moisture control remains critical before spinning; pellets must be dried below 0.05% because residual moisture causes spinneret drool and reduces melt drawability. The narrow processing window between melt strength and crystallisation rate is the main scale-up constraint; published data for high-speed PBS spinning above 2,000 m/min remains limited, so commercial translation has concentrated on low- to medium-speed staple lines.
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PBS Resin is an aliphatic polyester formed by the polycondensation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol. The commercial product is supplied as cylindrical pellets and is divided into processing categories for blown film, cast film, sheet extrusion, injection moulding, and extrusion coating. Grade differentiation is based on melt flow index, molecular weight distribution, and nucleating or impact-modifying additives. Density is measured under ISO 1183-1:2019 and is approximately 1.26 g/cm³. Melt flow index is determined at 190 °C with a 2.16 kg load under ISO 1133-1:2022; unmodified PBS Resin grades commonly fall between 4 g/10 min and 30 g/10 min. The melting temperature determined by differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-3:2018 is typically 110 °C to 115 °C. Tensile properties are evaluated according to ISO 527-2:2012, flexural properties according to ISO 178:2019, and impact properties according to ISO 180:2019. Biodegradability under industrial composting conditions is grade-specific and is certified only when the formulated product meets EN 13432:2000, ASTM D6400-21, or ISO 17088:2021.
Within the biodegradable polyester category, PBS Resin occupies an intermediate property position. The aliphatic backbone has no aromatic ring systems, which supports enzymatic accessibility but reduces the stiffness and high-temperature strength characteristic of semi-aromatic copolyesters. Compared with polylactic acid, PBS Resin exhibits lower glass transition temperature and significantly higher elongation at break, reducing the brittleness that limits unmodified PLA in thin film and flexible packaging. Compared with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBS Resin has higher tensile strength and flexural modulus but lower elongation, making it suitable for structures that require paper-like rigidity or short-term heat exposure. The product range includes nucleated and impact-modified variants that are distinguished by heat deflection temperature under ISO 75-2:2013 and notched Izod impact under ISO 180:2019. The grade code suffix normally identifies the intended process and nominal melt flow index; actual melt flow and mechanical values for each lot are provided on the certificate of analysis.
The primary differentiation is rheological. Low-fluidity grades in the range of 4 g/10 min to 8 g/10 min are supplied for blown film and sheet extrusion because high viscosity stabilizes the bubble and improves gauge control. Medium-fluidity grades are used for cast film and profile extrusion, while high-fluidity grades from 15 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min are used for injection moulding. On blown film lines, a low-flow PBS Resin is typically processed on a single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio between 25:1 and 30:1, a die gap between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm, and a blow-up ratio of 2.0:1 to 3.0:1. The melt temperature at the die exit is maintained between 170 °C and 190 °C; bubble instability and melt fracture have been observed when the die-lip melt exceeds 190 °C because melt strength decreases. For injection moulding, the barrel melt is held at 170 °C to 190 °C, and the mould temperature is controlled between 20 °C and 80 °C. Mould temperatures near 80 °C increase crystallinity and dimensional stability, while lower mould temperatures shorten cycles but can produce post-mould shrinkage and lower heat resistance. Hot-runner systems and cold runners are designed to minimize hold-up volume because the melt viscosity is shear- and moisture-sensitive.
Sheet extrusion grades operate in the middle flow range and are formulated for melt strength during roll-stack polishing. In practice, sheet stock from 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm is produced through a single-screw extruder with barrier screw geometry and a flex-lip die. The feed throat should remain below 60 °C, and the barrel set points should not exceed 200 °C. If the line stops, the screw should be purged with a low-viscosity polyester purge compound rather than leaving the resin in the barrel, because prolonged hold-up at processing temperature increases melt flow index and reduces retained tensile strength. These constraints are specific to the ester linkage and are more stringent than those for polyolefin extrusion.
The comparative property ranges in the following table are assembled from publicly available technical bulletins for unmodified biodegradable polyester resins and are not a certificate of analysis for any single lot. PBS Resin is compared with PLA and PBAT because these three materials are frequently coextruded, blended, or substituted for one another in compostable structures.
| Property | Test method | PBS Resin | PLA | PBAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.24–1.28 g/cm³ | 1.24–1.26 g/cm³ | 1.25–1.27 g/cm³ |
| Melt flow index | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 4–30 g/10 min | 2–30 g/10 min | 2–10 g/10 min |
| Tensile strength | ISO 527-2:2012 | 20–40 MPa | 40–70 MPa | 10–25 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-2:2012 | 200–400% | 3–10% | 400–800% |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178:2019 | 300–700 MPa | 2000–3500 MPa | 40–100 MPa |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3:2018 | 110–115 °C | 150–165 °C | 110–125 °C |
Because PLA melt flow index is commonly evaluated at 210 °C with a 2.16 kg load, the melt flow row is indicative and is not directly comparable without normalizing measurement conditions.
The data show that PBS Resin is selected when the converter requires higher elongation than PLA and higher stiffness than PBAT. In blown film, the tensile modulus of PBS Resin allows down-gauging relative to PBAT, but the elongation at break remains high enough to avoid the brittle fracture observed in unmodified PLA films. The melting point of PBS Resin is lower than that of PLA, which reduces seal initiation temperature and sealing energy, but it is sufficiently high for short hot-fill exposure in crystallized sheet. Because the glass transition is below room temperature, PBS Resin remains ductile in cold conditions, while PLA tends to become harder and more brittle. The low flexural modulus of PBAT makes it unsuitable for rigid articles, whereas PBS Resin can be compounded with fillers to increase modulus while retaining some elongation. Individual commercial grades may depart from these ranges due to additive loading, molecular weight, and processing history.
In melt compounding, PBS Resin is combined with calcium carbonate, talc, starch, and biodegradable copolyesters to change modulus, cost, and compostability. Calcium carbonate additions of 10% to 30% by weight raise flexural modulus but reduce tensile strength and elongation; filler dispersion is monitored by optical microscopy and by melt flow variation across sampled pellets. Chain extenders such as epoxy-functionalized acrylic copolymers or polycarbodiimides are used at low loadings to rebuild molecular weight after hydrolysis or to improve melt strength. Over-addition of chain extenders creates gel particles and raises melt filtration pressure. Pellet storage requires sealed bags after opening if ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%; field experience in humid plants shows that wet pellets cause gravimetric feeder blockage, torque fluctuation, and bubble pinholes in blown film.
As a polycondensation polyester, PBS Resin is sensitive to hydrolytic degradation during melt processing. Pellets are dried in a desiccant-wheel dryer with a dew point below -40 °C and an inlet air temperature of 70 °C to 80 °C for at least 4 h. The dried resin moisture content is measured by ISO 15512:2019; a common production control point is below 0.02% by weight. If moisture is higher, the extruder torque at constant screw speed declines, melt flow index increases, and the final part may show reduced tensile strength. The single-screw barrel profile is typically set from 140 °C to 150 °C in the feed zone, rising to 170 °C to 180 °C in the metering zone, with die temperature between 170 °C and 190 °C. Temperatures above 190 °C are treated as a practical upper limit for extended campaigns because thermal degradation and gel formation increase. Screw geometry also controls the process: barrier screws with L/D ratios of 25:1 to 30:1 are preferred for film-grade PBS Resin because they deliver melt homogeneity at moderate shear heating. Venting is avoided or used only with vacuum because atmospheric venting can introduce moisture into the melt.
Residence time is a critical operational limit. In injection moulding, the molten resin should not remain in the barrel, hot runner, or accumulator for more than approximately 10 min at 190 °C; longer hold-up times increase melt flow index and reduce tensile strength and impact properties. The exact limit shifts with grade, moisture content, and additive package. Ester linkage chemistry also imposes additive boundaries: primary amine-based anti-block or slip agents can accelerate aminolysis and are generally avoided unless retained melt viscosity testing under ISO 1133-1:2022 confirms compatibility. Oxidative stabilizers and epoxy-functional chain extenders may be used to protect melt strength, but their concentration must be verified because excessive reactivity produces gels and raises melt filtration pressure. These process boundaries are not dictated only by machine power or screw torque; they originate from the thermal and hydrolytic instability of the polyester backbone.
In compostable flexible packaging, PBS Resin is specified when the structure must survive puncture, flexing, and heat sealing without the brittle fracture of unmodified PLA. Blown film made from PBS Resin is heat-sealable at jaw temperatures from 110 °C to 150 °C, depending on thickness, dwell time, and seal bar configuration. Seal strength is evaluated under ISO 527-3:2018 or ASTM F88/F88M-21; published data for PBS Resin in multilayer paper and PLA structures are limited, so seal initiation temperatures and maximum seal strengths must be generated for the final construction. PBS Resin is used as a sealant layer, tie layer, or bulk layer in biodegradable multilayer films. Unlike polyolefin sealants, PBS Resin does not provide high moisture-barrier performance; it is therefore selected when compostability and renewable carbon content are primary requirements rather than long shelf-life for moisture-sensitive goods. Blending with PBAT raises elongation and impact toughness, while blending with PLA raises modulus and heat resistance. In PBAT-rich blends, the addition of 20% PBS Resin reduces elongation but increases stiffness; in PLA-rich blends, PBS Resin acts as an impact modifier and improves toughness while possibly reducing transparency. These are general morphological trends from polymer blend literature and must be confirmed on the production line with the exact grades.
Chemical resistance is evaluated by immersion testing under ISO 175:2010; PBS Resin retains mass and tensile properties after short-term contact with many aliphatic hydrocarbons and common oils at 23 °C, but it is attacked by hot aqueous alkalis, strong acids, and chlorinated solvents. The ester backbone hydrolyzes under alkaline conditions; immersion in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution at 23 °C causes surface etching and mass loss, while dilute acetic acid is less aggressive at room temperature. Solvent bonding and printing therefore require compatibility testing with the specific grade and surface treatment. The chemical exposure limits for polypropylene or polyethylene cannot be assumed to apply to PBS Resin, particularly in industrial cleaning or caustic wash environments.
Regulatory compliance is grade-specific and must be matched to the final article. Food-contact suitability is established under EU Regulation 10/2011 when the product is used in the European Union, and under the relevant sections of FDA 21 CFR for United States applications. The manufacturer provides composition statements, migration testing data where available, and conformity declarations under REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II. Compostability claims are limited to certified formulations tested under ISO 14855-1:2012 for ultimate biodegradation, ISO 16929:2021 for disintegration, and EN 13432:2000 or ASTM D6400-21 for the full material and packaging requirements. Home compostability and marine degradation are separate categories and cannot be inferred from industrial compostability certification.
In extrusion coating and paper lamination, PBS Resin is applied at coating weights from 15 g/m² to 40 g/m² on paper and paperboard. The melt is extruded through a flat die and nipped against a chilled roll. Adhesion to porous substrates is obtained with melt temperatures high enough to promote wetting; however, paper preheating must be limited to avoid curl and moisture loss in the substrate. PBS Resin is also evaluated in thermoforming for trays and beverage cups, where sheet heating time and sag resistance are controlled by sheet moisture content and crystallinity. Because PBS Resin has a lower heat deflection temperature than PLA, thermoformed articles may require nucleating agents or elevated mould temperatures to withstand hot filling. In injection moulded cutlery and coffee capsules, high-flow PBS Resin is processed with mould temperatures up to 80 °C; part weight and dimensions are monitored because post-mould crystallization can continue during storage. The material is not suitable for continuous exposure to hot aqueous environments above 90 °C unless the part is heavily crystallized and mechanically supported, because the matrix softens near the melting transition. These operational boundaries follow from the resin’s glass transition, crystallization kinetics, and hydrolytic sensitivity above 60 °C in high humidity. Processing trials on specific machinery remain necessary, and published data for specialized configurations such as high-speed extrusion coating and high-cavitation thin-wall injection moulding are limited.
