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Solution-SBR

    • Product Name: Solution-SBR
    • Factroy Site: No. 100, Qinhuai Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
    • Price Inquiry: sales3@ascent-chem.com
    • Manufacturer: Ascent Petrochem Holdings Co., Limited
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    Specifications
    HS Code 175380
    Product Name Solution-SBR
    Generic Chemical Name Solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber
    Abbreviation SSBR
    Cas Number 9003-55-8
    Production Process Solution polymerization in organic solvent
    Physical Form Solid bales, chips, or crumb
    Color Colorless to light amber / translucent
    Density G Per Cm3 0.93 - 0.98
    Glass Transition Temperature Degc -70 to -20 (grade dependent)
    Mooney Viscosity Ml1 Plus4 100c 30 - 80 MU
    Styrene Content Percent 15 - 35
    Butadiene Content Percent 65 - 85
    Vinyl Content Percent 10 - 60 (grade dependent)
    Solubility Soluble in aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons; insoluble in water
    Typical Applications High-performance tire treads, rubber compounds, footwear components

    As an accredited Solution-SBR factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Solution-SBR is supplied in 25 kg polyethylene-lined bags, shrink-wrapped on pallets for safe transport and storage.
    Container Loading (20′ FCL) Solution-SBR baled rubber is loaded into a 20-foot FCL, weight-optimized, secured, and protected from moisture.
    Shipping Solution-SBR (solution styrene-butadiene rubber) is shipped as compressed bales or crumb in lined bags, containers, or bulk hoppers. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and contamination. Store in dry, ventilated conditions; avoid high temperatures and ignition sources. Packaging prevents dust, degradation, and maintains polymer quality during transport.
    Storage Store Solution-SBR in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep away from heat, open flames, sparks, strong oxidizers, and direct sunlight. Avoid moisture ingress and static buildup. Maintain moderate temperatures and inspect containers regularly to prevent leakage, contamination, or premature polymerization.
    Shelf Life Solution-SBR should be stored in a cool, dry area; typical shelf life is six months to one year.
    Application of Solution-SBR
    Eighty-phr solution-SBR with bound styrene 15–20 wt% and vinyl content 30–60% is selected for silica-reinforced passenger car tire treads where rolling resistance grade and wet grip grade are controlled by the same dynamic transition. In a 270 L intermeshing internal mixer, the first pass combines 70–90 phr SSBR, 10–30 phr high-cis butadiene rubber, 60–90 phr precipitated silica with CTAB surface area 140–180 m²/g, 5.0–6.5 phr bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, 10–25 phr TDAE oil, 2.5–3.5 phr zinc oxide, 1.0–2.0 phr stearic acid, and 1.0–2.0 phr 6PPD. Silanization is held at 145–155°C for 120–180 s under ram pressure. Failure to reach 140°C in this window produces incomplete silica hydrophobation, and the final Mooney viscosity ML(1+4)100°C shifts batch-to-batch by 3–5 MU. The second pass adds sulfur 1.0–1.8 phr, CBS 1.2–2.0 phr, and DPG 1.0–1.6 phr. Mooney viscosity ML(1+4)100°C is controlled at 60–75 MU per ISO 289-1. Tread profiles are extruded on a pin-barrel cold-feed extruder with L/D 12:1 to 16:1, and cured in segmented molds at 160–175°C for 8–15 min. The vulcanizate is evaluated by ISO 37 for tensile strength, ASTM D412 for stress-strain properties, ASTM D2240 for hardness, and ISO 4664-2 for temperature-sweep dynamic properties. A tread compound formulated for low rolling resistance is controlled to tan δ at 60°C below 0.100, while tan δ at 0°C is maintained above 0.300 to preserve wet traction. EU Tyre Label Regulation (EU) 2020/740 governs rolling resistance, wet grip, and exterior noise; REACH Annex XVII entry 50 limits benzo[a]pyrene in TDAE oil to below 1 mg/kg.

    Why Does a 20–30 phr SSBR Addition Raise the ISO 4649 Abrasion Index of a Natural Rubber Cover Compound?

    For heavy-duty conveyor belt covers exposed to crushed granite and copper ore, natural rubber is partially replaced by solution-SBR at 20–30 phr because the synthetic phase increases tear propagation resistance without reducing low-strain modulus. The first pass in a 45 L tangential Banbury mixer accepts 60–70 phr NR, 30–40 phr SSBR, 40–55 phr N234 carbon black, 5–10 phr aromatic process oil, 3–5 phr zinc oxide, 1–2 phr stearic acid, 1.0–1.5 phr TMQ, and 1.0–2.0 phr 6PPD. The dump temperature is held below 150°C to prevent premature sulfur crosslinking in the final pass. After 48 h maturation, the compound is refined on a 550 mm open mill at 40–50°C and calendered into 4–6 mm covers on a four-roll Z-calender at 70–80°C. Vulcanization in a continuous drum press at 150–160°C for 30–45 min produces a DIN 22102-1 cover with tensile strength above 18 MPa by ISO 37, elongation at break not less than 450%, and tear strength above 50 kN/m by ISO 34-1 method B. Abrasion volume loss measured per ISO 4649 method A remains below 120 mm³ when the SSBR vinyl content is below 35%; higher vinyl grades improve wet grip but reduce chipping resistance at ambient temperatures below −20°C. Underground service flame resistance is governed by EN 14973 or ISO 340 when the belt is specified for mining.For injection-molded outsoles produced on rotary machines with 6–8 stations and clamp forces of 800–1,200 kN, medium-styrene solution-SBR grades with 20–30 wt% bound styrene and 30–45% vinyl content are blended with 30–50 phr high-cis BR. The compound contains 25–40 phr precipitated silica, 2.0–3.2 phr TESPT, 5–15 phr naphthenic oil, 3–5 phr zinc oxide, 1–2 phr stearic acid, 1.5–2.0 phr sulfur, and 1.5–2.5 phr combined thiazole-thiuram accelerators. Barrel temperature is maintained at 70–90°C, mold temperature at 150–170°C, and cure time at 3–5 min for a 10–12 mm thick sole unit. An outsole compound formulated within this window shows hardness 60–70 Shore A per ASTM D2240, tensile strength above 12 MPa per ISO 37, elongation at break above 350%, and ISO 4649 relative volume loss below 150 mm³. Flex fatigue is evaluated by ASTM D1052 using a 2 mm notched specimen; failure below 30,000 cycles at 23°C indicates insufficient coupling between silica and the solution-SBR phase. Light-colored outsoles replace silica surface treatment with 3–5 phr glycerol monostearate to reduce moisture uptake, but wet grip declines. For colors requiring high tint strength, 5–10 phr titanium dioxide is dispersed in a separate masterbatch before the first mixing pass to prevent agglomeration. REACH Annex XVII entry 50 controls polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in extender oils.

    When a Solvent-Borne Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Must Retain Loop Tack After 72 Hours at 40°C

    Solution-SBR with gel content below 1 wt% and Mooney viscosity ML(1+4)100°C of 45–60 MU is dissolved in a 35–45 wt% solids blend of ethyl acetate and n-hexane. A typical pressure-sensitive adhesive formula uses 100 phr SSBR, 40–90 phr hydrogenated C5 tackifier, 10–30 phr naphthenic oil, and 1–2 phr hindered phenol antioxidant. High-shear dispersion at 1,500–2,500 rpm in a jacketed stainless-steel vessel at 25–35°C yields Brookfield viscosity 1,500–3,000 mPa·s at 20 rpm spindle #3. The adhesive is coated on a comma coater at 50–80 m/min onto silicone-release liner and dried in three zones at 60°C, 80°C, and 110°C. Loop tack is measured per ASTM D6195, 180° peel per ASTM D3330, and shear adhesion failure temperature per PSTC-107. A SSBR-based PSA with hydrogenated tackifier retains loop tack after 72 h at 40°C; aromatic tackifiers improve initial peel but fail the migration limits of FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for dry food contact. Equipment cleaning between batches is performed with aromatic-free solvent blends to avoid gel build-up on gravure cylinders. VOC concentration is controlled below the threshold in the EU Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU where applicable.
    Regulation or test methodParameterControl boundary for SSBR-based PSA
    FDA 21 CFR 175.105Indirect food-contact migrationNo detectable adhesive component transfer
    ASTM D6195Loop tackRetained after 72 h at 40°C
    ASTM D3330180° peelCohesive failure mode controlled
    PSTC-107Shear adhesion failure temperatureSpecified per end use
    Mandrel-cured discharge hoses for mining slurry transfer use solution-SBR-rich cover stock because the narrow molecular weight distribution of anionically polymerized SSBR lowers die swell during cold-feed extrusion. The cover compound is mixed in a 75 L intermeshing internal mixer with 60–80 phr SSBR, 20–40 phr E-SBR or BR, N550 carbon black 60–90 phr, TDAE oil 25–40 phr, zinc oxide 3–5 phr, stearic acid 1–2 phr, and an antiozonant package of 2–4 phr 6PPD plus microcrystalline wax. The mixed compound is extruded through a pin-barrel cold-feed extruder with L/D 12:1 to 16:1, screw diameter 90–120 mm, and screw speed 25–35 rpm. Head pressure is controlled at 8–12 MPa; higher pressure indicates excessive filler absorption or insufficient oil dispersion. The cover is applied over a braided synthetic carcass and wrapped with nylon fabric, then vulcanized in saturated steam at 150–160°C for 20–30 min per 5 mm of cover thickness. Final cover properties include tensile strength above 10 MPa per ISO 37, elongation at break above 400%, and hardness 60–65 Shore A per ASTM D2240. Ozone resistance is tested per ISO 1431-1 at 50 pphm and 40°C for 72 h; without 2–4 phr antiozonant, surface cracking appears before 24 h. Extruded profiles for industrial air and water hose covers are produced from the same base compound but with sulfur reduced to 0.8–1.2 phr to improve compression set.

    High-Molecular-Weight SSBR in Polymer-Modified Bitumen at 180°C Mixing

    Solution-SBR with bound styrene 20–30 wt%, vinyl content 20–40%, and Mooney viscosity ML(1+4)100°C 50–70 MU is added to paving-grade bitumen at 3–6 wt% in a high-shear rotor-stator mill at 170–190°C. The digestion time is 30–60 min; shorter times produce elastic recovery below the 50% minimum required by ASTM D6084 for polymer-modified binders. Softening point increases by 15–30°C per ASTM D36, while penetration at 25°C decreases by 20–40 dmm per ASTM D5. Low-temperature flexural performance of a finished roofing membrane is assessed by EN 1109; SSBR-modified bitumen typically fails below −20°C unless the base bitumen has a wax content below 2 wt%. Storage stability at 180°C for 72 h is evaluated by the difference in softening point between top and bottom samples per EN 13399; phase separation above 5°C indicates insufficient compatibility between the SSBR and the maltene phase. The terminal product is a polymer-modified bitumen sheet for bridge deck and below-grade waterproofing, produced by calendering the modified binder into a polyester carrier. Thermal degradation during mixing becomes measurable at 200°C as a continuous drop in viscosity; the mixing temperature limit is therefore 190°C for this polymer class.
    Related Articles
    Residual Solvent Effects on Loop Tack After 72 Hours at 40°C READ SSBR Loading Effects on Natural Rubber Cover Compound ISO 4649 Abrasion Index READ High Molecular Weight SSBR Mixing in Polymer Modified Bitumen at 180 Celsius READ
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Solution-SBR is manufactured by anionic solution polymerization of styrene and 1,3-butadiene in a hydrocarbon solvent with an organolithium initiator. The product class is distinguished by independent control of bound styrene, vinyl configuration, and Mooney viscosity. The model designation depends on the producer; some grade codes encode styrene and vinyl content in the first two and second two digits, respectively, but the certificate of analysis is the binding record. Representative specification ranges are shown below. Published data for specific formulations outside these ranges is limited.

    PropertyTest methodRepresentative range
    Bound styrene contentISO 2453:202010%–45% by mass
    Vinyl content of butadiene fractionISO 21561:200510%–60%
    Mooney viscosity ML(1+4) at 100 °CISO 289-1:201540 MU–90 MU
    Glass transition temperatureISO 22768:2020-80 °C to -15 °C
    Volatile matterISO 248-1:2011≤ 0.5% by mass
    Ash contentISO 247:2006≤ 0.5% by mass
    Oil extension in oil-extended gradesISO 1407:2016up to 37.5 phr
    Specific gravityISO 2781:20180.90–0.95; oil-extended 0.88–0.93

    The primary differentiation from emulsion SBR is molecular weight distribution. Solution-SBR prepared by living anionic polymerization typically exhibits a polydispersity index between 1.05 and 1.5, whereas emulsion SBR typically shows values from 3 to 5. Lower polydispersity reduces the fraction of coupled or branched high-molecular-weight species that contribute to hysteresis under cyclic deformation. Bound styrene content is measured by ISO 2453:2020, while microstructure is verified by ISO 21561:2005 using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

    What Microstructural Variables Control the Dynamic Response of Solution-SBR?

    The dynamic response is dominated by glass transition temperature. Increasing bound styrene from 10% to 35% can raise Tg by more than 20 °C; increasing vinyl content from 10% to 50% can raise Tg by approximately 25 °C when the other variable is held constant. These shifts are not strictly linear because sequence distribution and chain-end effects alter local segmental mobility. Dynamic mechanical analysis under ISO 4664-1:2018 is frequently performed in tension mode at 10 Hz, static strain 0.5%, and dynamic strain 0.1%. Tan δ at 0 °C is used as a comparative indicator for wet grip, while tan δ at 60 °C is used for rolling resistance. These values are compound-dependent and cannot be used alone to predict tire label class.

    In silica-filled systems, the filler network contributes a secondary hysteresis mechanism. The Payne effect, measured with ASTM D6204-19 as the difference in storage modulus G′ between 0.1% and 10% strain, provides a mixing-quality indicator. Elevated Payne effect indicates poor silica microdispersion and can increase tan δ at 60 °C even when polymer architecture is optimized. Tire-level rolling resistance is measured according to ISO 28580:2018; wet grip is measured according to ISO 23671:2015. No single polymer-level tan δ threshold guarantees a tire label class under EU regulation 2020/740.

    In tire tread compounding, high-vinyl Solution-SBR is typically mixed with precipitated silica and a bifunctional silane coupling agent such as bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide. The first non-productive stage in a 270 L tangential internal mixer begins at 50 °C and is discharged at 145–155 °C. This temperature window allows silanization while avoiding premature sulfur crosslinking. Ram pressure is held at 0.4–0.6 MPa, and batch discharge is triggered by temperature setpoint rather than time. The second non-productive stage is discharged at 130–140 °C before sulfur and accelerators are added at 80–100 °C. Production-scale extrusion through a cold-feed pin extruder with L/D of 12:1 to 16:1 requires die swell below 30% for dimensional control. Published data for die swell with specific Solution-SBR grades is limited and must be generated on the target line.

    Tire tread acceptance testing combines tensile and dynamic mechanical data. Tensile properties are measured per ISO 37:2017, tear strength per ISO 34-1:2015, and abrasion loss per ISO 4649:2021. Abrasion results are reported as relative volume loss; no universal pass-fail value exists because road wear is influenced by tire construction and service severity. Replacement of a portion of Solution-SBR with 20–50 phr neodymium-polybutadiene is common in tread formulations to improve abrasion resistance and reduce heat buildup, but this decreases wet grip.

    Process Window and Compounding Limitations

    The processing window narrows when vinyl content exceeds 50% and Mooney viscosity exceeds 70 MU. High-vinyl Solution-SBR exhibits higher mixing energy and lower green strength than comparable emulsion SBR. Mill handling at 50–60 °C can be difficult with unmodified high-vinyl grades due to cold flow. Storage temperatures above 25 °C accelerate bale deformation; bales should be stored at 20–25 °C and protected from direct sunlight. Pre-drying is required only when volatile matter exceeds 0.5% by mass or when the formulation contains moisture-sensitive coupling agents. Prolonged exposure to strong oxidizers and aromatic process oils should be avoided unless the grade is oil-extended.

    Cure system adjustments are required relative to natural rubber and emulsion SBR. Typical silica-filled starting formulations use sulfur at 1.2–1.8 phr and a sulfenamide accelerator at 1.0–2.5 phr; reversion resistance can be monitored with ISO 6502:2016 at 160 °C. Mooney scorch at 135 °C by ISO 289-2 should be maintained above 10 min for injection molding operations. Excessive accelerator levels can reduce scorch safety and increase compression set. Oxidative aging is evaluated by ISO 188:2011 at 70 °C or 100 °C for 72 h; antioxidant packages are selected from para-phenylenediamine and phenolic types according to service requirements.

    When Solution-SBR Replaces Emulsion SBR or Neodymium-Polybutadiene

    Substitution at equal phr loading is not a direct drop-in. Solution-SBR compounds may require higher mixing energy and lower oil loading because molecular weight distribution is narrower. Green tire component strength can decline when emulsion SBR is removed; tackifier resins at 2–5 phr are often added to restore building tack. Neodymium-polybutadiene has a cis-1,4 content of 96–99% and a Tg near -105 °C, which lowers compound Tg and improves abrasion resistance but reduces wet grip. The table below summarizes representative property windows by polymer type.

    Representative property ranges by polymer type
    PropertySolution-SBREmulsion SBRNeodymium-Polybutadiene
    Bound styrene content10%–45%18%–40%0%
    Vinyl content of butadiene fraction10%–60%10%–20%<1%
    cis-1,4 content of butadiene fraction10%–35%mixed microstructure96%–99%
    Glass transition temperature-80 °C to -15 °C-55 °C to -30 °C-110 °C to -100 °C
    Mooney viscosity ML(1+4) at 100 °C40–90 MU30–80 MU35–60 MU
    Molecular weight distribution1.05–1.53–51.5–3
    Green strengthlowermoderatelow
    Hysteresis at equal compound hardnesslowhigherlowest

    Replacement decisions should be based on the full compound property set, not on polymer raw material properties alone. For example, a Solution-SBR tread compound with a 60 °C tan δ below 0.15, measured under ISO 4664-1:2018 at 10 Hz and 0.1% dynamic strain, may still show inadequate tire-level rolling resistance if filler dispersion is poor. Conversely, a higher-hysteresis Solution-SBR can outperform a lower-hysteresis grade if tire contour and inflation pressure reduce strain amplitude.

    In non-tire applications, Solution-SBR is selected for low-temperature sealing and gasket compounds where controlled vinyl content provides a balance between compression set and flexibility. Injection molding grades with Mooney viscosity below 60 MU are preferred. Compression set is measured per ISO 815-1:2019 after 22 h at 70 °C; values below 25% are typical for sulfur-donor or peroxide-cured systems, but the result depends on filler loading and curative selection. Conveyor belt covers and footwear compounds may use oil-extended grades to lower compound cost while maintaining DIN 53516 abrasion loss below 150 mm³ for moderate-service conditions. Published data for specific Solution-SBR grades in conveyor belt covers is limited; laboratory formulation screening is required.

    Regulatory compliance is grade-dependent. FDA 21 CFR 177.2600 covers rubber articles intended for repeated use in contact with food, provided the selected Solution-SBR grade, cure system, and antioxidant package meet extraction limits. REACH Annex XVII restrictions apply to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in extender oils; oil-extended Solution-SBR grades may require a certificate of conformity. RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II restrictions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium depend more on filler and cure system than on the polymer type. Manufacturer documentation should be reviewed for each compound because the polymer raw material alone does not confer regulatory compliance.